Transformation means fundamental change. It can be triggered by technical and economic opportunities as well as changing social needs. A transformation is not complete until the new system structures have become permanently established and stabilized. By transformation, different sciences understand very different things. While in electrical engineering it is understood as “the transformation of current”,...
Greening pursues the preservation and protection of bio-diversity and natural habitat. The term is derived from ecology, the science of interactions between living things and their environment. In politics, greening is understood to mean environmentally sound design, especially in decisions for planning and the economy. For example, in 2015, the EU introduced a direct payment...
STEM subjects include the teaching and study of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. These are the classics and from which the abbreviation is formed. However, astronomy, geography, geology or nanosciences are also included. With increasing technology orientation, the demand and importance of STEM competencies is growing in the labor market, as well as in education....
The supply chain is a network of modes and means of transport that ensures the uninterrupted movement of goods from origin to destination. In a widely used definition, the supply chain is referred to as the network of organizations involved, through upstream and downstream links, in the various processes and activities of creating value in...
Resource and climate friendly refers to an efficient and responsible use of limited raw materials and goods. The aim is to keep the impact on the environment as low as possible. Acting in a resource-conserving manner means minimizing consumption and striving for an economy that follows natural material cycles. The development should not burden the...
Resource consumption is a measure of the input and use of goods and products that are further processed into higher value goods and services through beneficiation. Natural resources are raw materials, water, energy and fertile land. They form the basis for life on earth. Resource use alters ecosystems, often permanently. The extraction and further processing...
Photovoltaics or photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light energy, usually from sunlight, into electrical energy by means of solar cells. The term “photo” comes from the Greek and means light, while “volt”, the unit of measurement for electrical voltage. Since this type of electricity generation does not emit CO2 or other particles, solar power...
The term prosumer is a compound of “producer” and “consumer” and originally describes an economic model in which a person is both a consumer and a producer. The boundaries between producer and consumer are blurring here. Internationally, the term prosumer is also common. It is a portmanteau of the English words “producer” and “consumer”. Over...
Sustainable energy sources, or renewables, include solar energy (photovoltaics, solar thermal), hydropower, ocean energy, wind power, geothermal energy, and ambient heat. Bioenergy is also a sustainable energy source. It comes from solid biomass such as wood, from decomposing organic matter (biogas), or from liquid biomass that is processed into biodiesel, for example. Hydropower currently accounts...
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